Managing High Cholesterol

What is High Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the blood. While some cholesterol is essential for the body, too much of the wrong type – low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or “bad” cholesterol – can lead to heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems.

Risk Factors for High Cholesterol

You are more likely to have high cholesterol if you have one or more of the following risk factors:

Lifestyle Factors

  • Unhealthy diet – Eating too much saturated and trans fat (e.g., processed foods, red meat, full-fat dairy).
  • Lack of physical activity – Being inactive can lead to weight gain and lower “good” cholesterol (HDL).
  • Smoking – Damages blood vessels and lowers HDL cholesterol.
  • Excess alcohol consumption – Can raise cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Medical Conditions

  • Obesity or overweight – Extra body weight increases cholesterol levels.
  • Diabetes – High blood sugar contributes to high cholesterol and heart disease.
  • High blood pressure (hypertension) – Often linked with high cholesterol.

Genetic & Other Factors

  • Ethnicity – Some ethnic groups (e.g., South Asian, African, or Caribbean descent) have a higher risk of heart disease linked to cholesterol.
  • Family history – If high cholesterol or heart disease runs in your family, you may be at higher risk.
  • Age and sex – Cholesterol levels tend to rise with age, and men are at higher risk at younger ages than women.

How to Lower Your Cholesterol

Eat a heart-healthy diet – Choose whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats like nuts, seeds, and olive oil.
Increase physical activity – Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise (brisk walking, swimming, or cycling) per week.
Maintain a healthy weight – Even small weight loss can help lower cholesterol.
Stop smoking – Quitting can improve your cholesterol and heart health.
Limit alcohol consumption – Drink within NHS guidelines: not more than 14 units per week.
If lifestyle changes are not enough, your doctor may prescribe medication.
Important: Medications should be taken as prescribed. Discuss any side effects with your doctor.

1st Line medication – Stains are the most common medicine for high cholesterol. According to guidelines we usually start Atorvastatin 20 mg once daily. Statins need to be taken long-term to be effective. If you commence a statin, you will need a blood test 2-3 months after starting it to check your liver function, and then once yearly after this.

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Take Action for Your Heart Health!

  • Eat well, move more, and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
  • Get regular cholesterol checks, especially if you have risk factors.
  • Talk to your GP about the best treatment options for you.

For more information, visit: NHS High Cholesterol Guide.